Exam: TOEFL

Definition: A flat map that shows the stars and constellations in the sky, often used in astronomy to help identify celestial objects at a specific time and location.

Example: The astronomer used a planisphere to locate the constellations visible that night.

Definition: The condition of not having a plan or being without a strategy.

Example: His planlessness led to confusion during the project.

Definition: Something that has been arranged or organized in advance according to a specific plan.

Example: The planned event was a great success, attracting many attendees.

Definition: To have made a decision about something in advance, often involving a detailed arrangement or preparation.

Example: We planned a surprise party for her birthday.

Definition: Relating to the bottom part of the foot.

Example: He has a plantar wart that is causing him discomfort.

Definition: A group of people who own and control plantations, often having significant power and influence in society and government.

Example: The plantocracy held significant sway over the political decisions of the region.

Definition: A flat, often decorative plate or disk that can be engraved or used for information, or a buildup of substances like bacteria on a surface, especially on teeth.

Example: The dentist removed the plaque from my teeth during the check-up.

Definition: A clear, yellowish fluid found in blood, lymph, or other bodily fluids that carries cells and nutrients. It can also refer to a state of matter made up of charged particles, such as ions and electrons.

Example: The doctor explained that the plasma in blood helps transport nutrients and waste.

Definition: The plasmalemma is a thin layer that surrounds a cell, also known as the cell membrane, which controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Example: The plasmalemma plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's environment.

Definition: A medical procedure that involves removing plasma from a person's blood and returning the other parts, like red blood cells, back to them.

Example: The doctor recommended plasmapheresis to help treat the patient's autoimmune disorder.

Definition: A small, circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently inside a cell, often found in bacteria and used in genetic research to move genes between cells.

Example: Scientists use plasmids to insert new genes into bacteria for research purposes.