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Exam: TOEFL

indulge

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

intransitive verb

Definition: To take part in something enjoyable or to allow oneself to enjoy something, often to excess.

Example: She decided to indulge in her favorite dessert after dinner.

transitive verb

Definition: To allow oneself to enjoy something, often to an excessive degree, or to satisfy a desire or craving.

Example: She decided to indulge in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.

indulgence

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒəns/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒəns/

noun

Definition: The act of allowing oneself to enjoy something, often something that is not necessary or is considered excessive. It can also refer to being lenient or forgiving towards someone.

Example: After a long week of work, she treated herself to a little indulgence by enjoying a fancy dessert.

transitive verb

Definition: A special permission or allowance to enjoy something, often related to pleasure or luxury, sometimes granted by a religious authority.

Example: She allowed herself an indulgence of chocolate cake after a long week.

indulgent

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt/

adjective

Definition: Describing someone who is very generous or lenient, often allowing others to have what they want without strict rules or limits.

Example: The indulgent parents let their children eat as much candy as they wanted.

indulgently

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt.li/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt.li/

adverb

Definition: In a way that shows a willingness to allow someone to enjoy something, often to excess or without restraint.

Example: She smiled indulgently as her children begged for more candy.

indult

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌlt/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌlt/

noun

Definition: A special permission given by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church that allows someone to not follow a specific church law.

Example: The priest received an indult to allow the use of a different ritual during the service.

indurated

IPA: /ɪnˈdjʊəreɪtɪd/

KK: /ɪnˈdʒʊr.ɪ.tɪd/

adjective

Definition: Describing something that has become hard or firm, often due to the presence of fibrous materials or other factors.

Example: The indurated soil made it difficult for the plants to grow.

verb

Definition: To become hard or solid, often as a result of a process like drying or aging.

Example: The clay indurated after being exposed to the sun for several days.

induration

IPA: /ˌɪn.dʒʊˈreɪ.ʃən/

KK: /ɪnˈdʊəreɪʃən/

noun

Definition: The process or condition of becoming hard, especially in relation to soft tissues or organs due to inflammation or other factors.

Example: The doctor noted the induration of the skin during the examination.

industrial

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/

adjective

Definition: Related to or used in the production of goods and services, often involving factories and manufacturing processes.

Example: The city has many industrial areas where factories are located.

noun

Definition: A person or company that is involved in the production of goods or services in a specific sector of the economy.

Example: The industrial hired several new workers to meet the growing demand for their products.

industrialise

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəlaɪz/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəˌlaɪz/

verb

Definition: To develop industries in a country or region, making it more focused on manufacturing and production.

Example: The government plans to industrialise the rural areas to boost the economy.

industrialised

IPA: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəlaɪzd/

KK: /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəlaɪzd/

adjective

Definition: Describing a place or country that has developed industries and factories, often leading to economic growth and urbanization.

Example: The industrialised nations have higher standards of living compared to developing countries.

verb

Definition: To develop industries in a country or region, often leading to increased production and economic growth.

Example: The country has industrialised rapidly over the past few decades.

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