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Exam: IELTS

circumspection

IPA: /ˌsɜːrkəmˈspɛkʃən/

KK: /sɜrkəmˈspɛkʃən/

noun

Definition: The quality of being careful and considering all possible outcomes before making a decision.

Example: Her circumspection in handling the project helped avoid many potential problems.

circumspectly

IPA: /sɜːrkəmˈspɛktli/

KK: /sɜrkəmˈspɛktli/

adverb

Definition: In a careful and cautious way, considering all possible consequences before acting.

Example: She approached the situation circumspectly, weighing all her options before making a decision.

circumstance

IPA: //ˈsɜːrkəmstæns//

KK: /ˈsɜrkəmstæns/

noun

Definition: A situation or condition that affects an event or action, often influencing what happens next.

Example: Due to unforeseen circumstances, the event was postponed.

transitive verb

Definition: To put someone or something in a specific situation or set of conditions.

Example: The teacher decided to circumstance the students in a way that encouraged teamwork.

circumstantial

IPA: //ˌsɜːrkəmˈstænʃəl//

KK: /sɜr.kəmˈstæn.ʃəl/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the details or circumstances of a situation; often used to describe something that is detailed or specific to a particular context.

Example: The detective provided a circumstantial account of the events leading up to the crime.

circumstantiate

IPA: /sɜːrkəmˈstæntʃieɪt/

KK: /sɜrˈkʌmstəntʃiˌeɪt/

transitive verb

Definition: To provide detailed evidence or description to support a claim or statement.

Example: The lawyer was able to circumstantiate her argument with several key pieces of evidence.

circumvallation

IPA: /ˌsɜːrkəmˈvæleɪʃən/

KK: /sɜrˌkʌmˈvæleɪʃən/

noun

Definition: A defensive structure, like a wall or rampart, built around a place to protect it from attacks.

Example: The ancient city was surrounded by a strong circumvallation to keep invaders out.

circumvent

IPA: /sɜːrkəmˈvɛnt/

KK: /sɜrˈkʌmˌvɛnt/

transitive verb

Definition: To find a way to avoid something, especially by clever or skillful means.

Example: The team found a way to circumvent the strict regulations and complete the project on time.

circumvention

IPA: /sɜːrkəmˈvɛnʃən/

KK: /sɜrˈkʌmˌvɛnʃən/

noun

Definition: The action of avoiding or getting around something, often in a clever or deceptive way.

Example: The circumvention of the rules allowed them to gain an unfair advantage.

cirrhosis

IPA: /sɪˈroʊsɪs/

KK: /sɪˈroʊsɪs/

noun

Definition: A serious liver disease where healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue, leading to loss of liver function. It can be caused by long-term alcohol use, poor nutrition, or infections like hepatitis.

Example: Doctors diagnosed him with cirrhosis after years of heavy drinking.

cirrhotic

IPA: /sɪˈrɒtɪk/

KK: /sɪˈrɑtɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to a serious liver disease that causes scarring and affects liver function.

Example: The patient was diagnosed with cirrhotic liver disease after years of alcohol abuse.

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