Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: To punish someone by requiring them to pay a fine that is decided by a court or authority, often without a specific rule or guideline.

Example: The judge decided to amerce the defendant for his misconduct during the trial.

Definition: A type of financial penalty that is imposed as a punishment, usually for a wrongdoing or violation, and is not set by law.

Example: The court imposed an amercement on the defendant for his misconduct.

Definition: A man-made, radioactive metal that is part of the actinide series in the periodic table. It has several isotopes, some of which are used in research and as radiation sources. This element is known for its ability to emit alpha rays.

Example: Americium is used in smoke detectors and as a radiation source in various applications.

Definition: The quality of being friendly, pleasant, and good-natured.

Example: Her amiableness made her popular among her peers.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that can be formed from ammonia or amines, where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an acyl group or a metal.

Example: Sodium amide is commonly used as a strong base in organic synthesis.

Definition: A group of atoms that includes nitrogen and hydrogen, similar to ammonia but with one hydrogen atom removed. It is often found in various chemical compounds.

Example: The amidogen group is essential in the formation of various organic compounds.

Definition: A type of organic compound that contains nitrogen and is formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia with hydrocarbon groups.

Example: Amine compounds are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug development.

Definition: A type of enzyme that helps break down proteins by cutting the bonds at the end of a protein chain where an amino group is present.

Example: Aminopeptidase plays a crucial role in protein digestion by breaking down peptides into amino acids.

Definition: A chemical compound that blocks the action of folic acid in the body, used mainly in cancer treatment and sometimes as a poison for rodents.

Example: Aminopterin was once widely used in the treatment of certain types of cancer.

Definition: A type of cell division where the nucleus splits directly into two parts without the usual process of forming chromosomes or using spindle fibers.

Example: Amitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in certain unicellular organisms.