Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The process of transferring multiple genes at the same time, particularly in bacteria, where two or more genetic markers are involved.

Example: Cotransduction can be used to study the genetic linkage between different traits in bacteria.

Definition: A part of a seed that develops into the first leaf or leaves of a plant embryo, which can either stay in the seed or grow and become green after germination.

Example: The cotyledon provides essential nutrients to the developing plant before it can produce its own leaves.

Definition: Relating to a cup-shaped structure or cavity in the body.

Example: The cotyloid joint allows for a wide range of motion in the hip.

Definition: Relating to the electrostatic force between charged particles, which is a fundamental concept in physics.

Example: The coulomb force is essential in understanding how charged particles interact with each other.

Definition: A unit of electrical charge in the metric system, defined as the amount of charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one second.

Example: The battery can store a charge of several coulombs.

Definition: Relating to the force between charged particles, especially in the context of electric fields and interactions.

Example: The coulombic force between two charged objects can be calculated using Coulomb's law.

Definition: Relating to a method of chemical analysis that measures the quantity of electricity used in a reaction.

Example: The coulometric method is often used in laboratories to determine the concentration of substances.

Definition: A scientific method used to measure the quantity of a substance produced or consumed during an electrochemical reaction by counting the total electric charge (in coulombs) that passes through the system.

Example: Coulometry is often used in laboratories to analyze the concentration of substances in solutions.

Definition: A person who is a member of a council, helping to make decisions and govern a community or organization.

Example: The councillor proposed a new plan to improve the local park.

Definition: To give advice or guidance to someone.

Example: She decided to counsel her friend about the difficult decision he had to make.

Definition: The position or role of someone who gives advice or guidance, especially in legal or professional matters.

Example: She was appointed to the counselorship after years of experience in law.