Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Related to a process in cells where energy is produced by the movement of ions across a membrane, helping to create ATP, which is a key energy source for many biological functions.

Example: The chemiosmotic process is essential for energy production in both plants and animals.

Definition: The force that causes atoms to join together to create chemical compounds, often referred to as chemical attraction or affinity.

Example: The chemism between the atoms allowed them to form a stable compound.

Definition: To take up and chemically bind a substance onto the surface of another substance.

Example: The catalyst can chemisorb reactants to enhance the reaction rate.

Definition: The process where a substance sticks to the surface of another substance through chemical bonds instead of just physical attraction.

Example: Chemisorption is important in catalysis because it allows reactants to bond strongly to the catalyst's surface.

Definition: A person who studies or works in the field of chemistry, often involved in experiments and research related to substances and their properties.

Example: The chemist conducted experiments to develop a new type of medicine.

Definition: The science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of substances, especially at the atomic and molecular levels.

Example: She decided to major in chemistry because she loved conducting experiments.

Definition: A process by which certain organisms obtain energy through chemical reactions instead of using sunlight.

Example: Some bacteria survive in extreme environments by using chemoautotrophy to produce energy.

Definition: A type of protein that helps control the movement and activation of white blood cells, especially during inflammation.

Example: Chemokines play a crucial role in the immune response by guiding white blood cells to the sites of infection.

Definition: The practice of using chemicals, drugs, or dietary supplements to stop diseases from developing, especially cancer.

Example: Doctors recommend chemoprevention strategies to reduce the risk of cancer in high-risk patients.

Definition: Relating to the use of substances to prevent cancer or other diseases through chemical means.

Example: Certain fruits and vegetables have chemopreventive properties that may help reduce the risk of cancer.

Definition: A substance or drug that helps prevent cancer or other diseases by blocking the development of cancerous cells.

Example: Many researchers are studying the effects of chemopreventive agents in reducing cancer risk.