Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The process of making something more common or less sophisticated, often by simplifying or lowering its quality.

Example: The vulgarization of art can sometimes lead to a loss of its original meaning and depth.

Definition: To make something more common or less refined, often by simplifying or lowering its quality.

Example: The author decided to vulgarize his complex ideas to reach a wider audience.

Definition: A version of a text that is widely accepted or used, especially referring to the Latin translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome.

Example: The Vulgate is considered an important historical text in the study of Christianity.

Definition: A state of being open to harm or attack, often due to a lack of protection or strength.

Example: The company's cybersecurity vulnerability was exposed after the recent hack.

Definition: Able to be easily harmed or hurt, either physically or emotionally.

Example: After the storm, many homes were left vulnerable to further damage.

Definition: The quality of being open to harm, damage, or attack; the state of being weak or exposed.

Example: The vulnerableness of the community to natural disasters highlighted the need for better preparedness.

Definition: Relating to the healing or treatment of wounds.

Example: The vulnerary properties of the herb made it a popular choice for natural remedies.

Definition: A type of remedy that helps heal or treat wounds.

Example: The herbal ointment served as a vulnerary for the soldier's injuries.

Definition: Having a thin, fragile appearance, often suggesting that someone is homeless or in need of care.

Example: The waiflike girl wandered the streets, looking for food and shelter.

Definition: A document or agreement that allows someone to give up a right, claim, or privilege, often used to release someone from a rule or penalty.

Example: He signed a waiver to participate in the extreme sports event without holding the organizers responsible for any injuries.

Definition: This word describes behavior that is playful, excessive, or cruel without reason. It can refer to actions that are immoral or lewd, as well as to things that are abundant or lush.

Example: The wanton destruction of the forest left many animals without homes.

Definition: To behave in a reckless or unrestrained way, often without regard for the consequences.

Example: The children ran wantonly through the fields, laughing and playing without a care.

Definition: A person who behaves in a playful, undisciplined, or immoral way, often indulging in self-gratification or lewdness.

Example: The wanton in the story caused trouble wherever they went, ignoring the rules and acting without care.

Definition: To waste or use something in a careless or extravagant way.

Example: He wantonly spent all his savings on luxury items.