Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The quality of being full of twists and turns; not straightforward or direct.

Example: The tortuousness of the mountain road made the journey longer than expected.

Definition: Causing great pain or suffering; very unpleasant and difficult to endure.

Example: The torturous hike left everyone exhausted and in pain.

Definition: A three-dimensional shape that looks like a doughnut, formed by rotating a circle around an axis that does not intersect the circle.

Example: The mathematician explained the properties of a torus in his lecture.

Definition: Relating to a system or ideology that seeks to control all aspects of life and society, often in a strict or oppressive manner.

Example: The totalistic regime imposed strict rules on every part of citizens' lives.

Definition: Relating to a system of government where the state holds total control over all aspects of life, and individual freedoms are greatly restricted.

Example: In a totalitarian state, citizens often have little to no freedom of expression.

Definition: A person who supports or practices a system of government where the state has complete control over all aspects of life and individual freedoms are limited.

Example: The totalitarian imposed strict rules that controlled every part of citizens' lives.

Definition: A type of government where the state has complete control over the people's lives and freedoms, often led by a single leader or party.

Example: Under totalitarianism, individual rights are often suppressed in favor of state control.

Definition: The complete amount or extent of something, often referring to a sum or the state of being whole.

Example: The totality of the evidence presented in court was overwhelming.

Definition: Relating to a totem, which is an object or animal that is considered sacred or symbolic in certain cultures.

Example: The totemic symbols carved on the totem pole represented the tribe's history and beliefs.

Definition: A belief system where individuals or groups have a special connection to a totem, which is often an animal or plant that symbolizes their identity or heritage.

Example: In some cultures, totemism plays a significant role in their spiritual beliefs and social structures.

Definition: The capability of a cell to develop into any type of cell or tissue, allowing it to form a complete organism or part of one.

Example: In embryonic development, totipotency allows a single fertilized egg to become a complete organism.