Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A scientist who studies the interaction between light and matter using a technique called spectroscopy.

Example: The spectroscopist analyzed the light spectrum to identify the chemical composition of the sample.

Definition: The study of light and its interaction with matter, often used to analyze the composition of substances by observing their spectra.

Example: Scientists use spectroscopy to identify the chemical makeup of distant stars.

Definition: Relating to or resembling a mirror, often used to describe surfaces that reflect light.

Example: The lake had a specular surface, perfectly reflecting the trees and sky above.

Definition: The state or quality of reflecting light in a way that creates a shiny or mirror-like surface.

Example: The specularity of the water's surface made it look like a mirror reflecting the sky.

Definition: In a way that reflects light like a mirror, producing a clear image or reflection.

Example: The surface of the lake was specularly smooth, reflecting the sky perfectly.

Definition: To think about something and make guesses or ideas about it without having all the facts.

Example: Many people speculate about the reasons for his sudden departure.

Definition: The act of forming ideas or theories about something without firm evidence; often involves guessing or making assumptions.

Example: The stock market is often influenced by speculation about future economic conditions.

Definition: Relating to ideas or guesses about what might happen in the future, often involving risk or uncertainty.

Example: Investors often buy speculative stocks in hopes of making a large profit.

Definition: A tool used in medicine to open up a body cavity for examination, or a shiny surface used in optical devices. It can also refer to a colorful area on the wings of some birds or a clear spot on the wings of certain butterflies.

Example: The doctor used a speculum to examine the patient's throat more closely.

Definition: Relating to the study or exploration of caves.

Example: The speleological research revealed many new species living in the cave.