Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: To undergo a chemical process where fats or oils are converted into soap and glycerin, usually by the action of an alkali.

Example: When heated with lye, the oils will saponify, creating soap.

Definition: To change a fat or oil into soap through a chemical process.

Example: The process to saponify the oils requires careful measurement of the ingredients.

Definition: A medical condition where the blood becomes poisoned due to the absorption of harmful substances from decaying matter.

Example: The patient was diagnosed with sapremia after showing symptoms of severe infection.

Definition: Describing an environment that is rich in organic material and has little or no oxygen, often associated with the decay of organic matter.

Example: The saprobic conditions in the pond support a variety of microorganisms that break down dead plants and animals.

Definition: Relating to or resulting from the process of decay or decomposition, often involving the breakdown of organic matter.

Example: The saprogenic bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down dead plants and animals.

Definition: Relating to organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic material.

Example: Many fungi are saprophagous, breaking down dead plants and animals.

Definition: Describing organisms that obtain their food by breaking down and absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying matter.

Example: Mushrooms are saprophytic fungi that help decompose organic material in the forest.

Definition: Relating to organisms that feed on dead or decaying animal matter, or obtain nutrients by absorbing dissolved organic and inorganic substances.

Example: Some fungi are saprozoic, as they break down dead plants and animals to obtain nutrients.

Definition: A thin layer that surrounds and protects a muscle fiber, helping it function properly.

Example: The sarcolemma plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by regulating the entry and exit of ions.

Definition: Relating to the membrane that surrounds muscle cells.

Example: The sarcolemmal structure is essential for muscle contraction.

Definition: Relating to a type of cancer that arises from connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, or fat, and resembles sarcoma.

Example: The doctor diagnosed the patient with a sarcomatous tumor that required immediate treatment.