Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A small unit in the kidney that helps filter blood and remove waste from the body.

Example: Each nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance.

Definition: A condition that affects the kidneys, causing them to function improperly or become diseased.

Example: The doctor diagnosed her with nephropathy after reviewing her symptoms and test results.

Definition: A funnel-shaped opening in certain animals that connects a nephridium to the body cavity, helping in the excretion of waste.

Example: The nephrostome plays a crucial role in the excretory system of some invertebrates.

Definition: Something that is harmful or poisonous to the kidneys.

Example: Certain medications can be nephrotoxic and cause damage to kidney function.

Definition: The condition in which something is harmful to the kidneys.

Example: Certain medications can lead to nephrotoxicity, affecting kidney function.

Definition: Relating to favoritism shown to relatives, especially in politics or business.

Example: The company's hiring practices were criticized for being too nepotic, as many positions were filled by family members.

Definition: A person who gives jobs or advantages to their family or friends, often in a way that is unfair to others.

Example: The manager was accused of being a nepotist after hiring his cousin for the position instead of a more qualified candidate.

Definition: Relating to the practice of giving jobs or advantages to family members instead of to people who are more qualified.

Example: The company's nepotistic hiring practices led to a lack of diversity in the workplace.

Definition: A silvery, metallic element that is radioactive and has the atomic number 93. It is found in small amounts in uranium ores and is created in nuclear reactions. It is similar to uranium and is used in nuclear reactors.

Example: Neptunium is used in some types of nuclear reactors and research.

Definition: A pattern or arrangement of veins or nerves in a plant or animal.

Example: The nervation of the leaf helps in understanding its classification.