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Exam: TOEFL

valvular

IPA: /ˈvælvjʊlər/

KK: /ˈvælvjələr/

adjective

Definition: Connected to or working with valves, especially in the context of the heart.

Example: The doctor explained that the valvular issue was affecting the patient's blood flow.

van

IPA: /væn/

KK: /væn/

intransitive verb

Definition: To travel or drive in a type of vehicle that is larger than a car and often used for transporting goods or groups of people.

Example: We vanned to the festival with all our friends.

noun

Definition: A type of vehicle that is enclosed and often used to carry goods or people, usually with side or rear doors.

Example: We loaded the furniture into the van for the move.

transitive verb

Definition: To transport something using a van, which is a type of vehicle designed for carrying goods or people.

Example: They vanned the supplies to the construction site.

vanadate

IPA: /vəˈneɪdeɪt/

KK: /vəˈneɪdeɪt/

noun

Definition: A type of chemical compound that contains vanadium in its highest oxidation state, often found in various salts and anions.

Example: Vanadate is used in some chemical reactions as a catalyst.

vanadium

IPA: /vəˈneɪdiəm/

KK: /vəˈneɪdiəm/

noun

Definition: A soft, silvery-gray metallic element that is used to make strong alloys and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.

Example: Vanadium is often added to steel to improve its strength and resistance to corrosion.

vandal

IPA: /ˈvændəl/

KK: /ˈvændəl/

adjective

Definition: A person who deliberately destroys or damages property, often in a careless or reckless manner.

Example: The school was damaged by vandals who spray-painted the walls.

noun

Definition: A person who deliberately damages or destroys property that belongs to someone else or to the public.

Example: The school was vandalized with graffiti over the weekend.

vandalised

IPA: /ˈvæn.də.laɪzd/

KK: /ˈvæn.də.laɪzd/

adjective

Definition: Describing something that has been damaged or defaced by vandalism.

Example: The vandalised wall was covered in graffiti and broken glass.

verb

Definition: To have damaged or destroyed property deliberately, often in a way that is disrespectful or harmful.

Example: The old building was vandalised with graffiti all over the walls.

vandalism

IPA: /ˈvæn.dəl.ɪ.zəm/

KK: /ˈvæn.dəl.ɪ.zəm/

noun

Definition: The intentional and harmful damage or destruction of someone else's property, whether it is public or private.

Example: The city has taken measures to prevent vandalism in public parks.

vandalistic

IPA: /ˌvæn.dəˈlɪs.tɪk/

KK: /vænˈdælɪstɪk/

adjective

Definition: Describing actions or behaviors that involve deliberately damaging or destroying property.

Example: The vandalistic graffiti covered the walls of the abandoned building.

vandalization

IPA: /ˌvæn.dəl.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

KK: /ˈvændəlɪzeɪʃən/

noun

Definition: The act of intentionally damaging or destroying someone else's property.

Example: The vandalization of the park led to a community meeting about safety.

vandalize

IPA: /ˈvæn.dəˌlaɪz/

KK: /ˈvæn.də.laɪz/

transitive verb

Definition: To willfully damage or destroy property, especially public or private spaces.

Example: The group was arrested for vandalizing the local park by spray painting the benches.

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