Exam: TOEFL

Definition: A playful mistake where the sounds of two words are swapped, often creating a funny or silly phrase.

Example: He made a spoonerism when he said, 'You have hissed all my mystery lectures' instead of 'You have missed all my history lectures.'

Definition: Happening occasionally or at irregular intervals, rather than regularly or continuously.

Example: The sporadic rain made it difficult to plan the outdoor event.

Definition: In a way that happens occasionally or at irregular intervals, rather than continuously or regularly.

Example: The rain fell sporadically throughout the day, making it hard to plan outdoor activities.

Definition: Describing a substance or agent that is capable of killing spores, especially bacterial spores.

Example: The hospital uses a sporicidal solution to ensure all surfaces are free of harmful spores.

Definition: A substance that is used to kill spores, which are often resistant forms of bacteria or fungi.

Example: The laboratory used a sporicide to ensure that all spores were eliminated from the equipment.

Definition: The process of producing or forming spores, which are reproductive cells that can develop into new organisms.

Example: Sporogenesis is essential for the reproduction of many fungi and plants.

Definition: The stage in a plant's life cycle that produces spores and is formed from a fertilized egg, leading to the next generation.

Example: The sporophyte of the fern is the dominant phase in its life cycle, producing spores for reproduction.

Definition: A type of polymer that forms the protective outer layer of spores and pollen grains, helping them survive in harsh conditions.

Example: Sporopollenin is essential for the durability of pollen grains during their transport through the air.

Definition: A long-lasting infection caused by a type of fungus, which leads to lumps or sores in the skin and lymph nodes, often occurring in animals and humans.

Example: The veterinarian diagnosed the dog with sporotrichosis after noticing the skin lesions.

Definition: A type of tiny organism that lives inside other animals and can cause diseases. These organisms reproduce in complex ways, often using spores, and are usually spread by insects that bite.

Example: The doctor explained that sporozoans can lead to serious illnesses like malaria.