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Exam: TOEFL

pertinence

IPA: /ˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

KK: /ˈpɜrtɪnəns/

noun

Definition: The quality of being relevant or applicable to a particular matter or situation.

Example: The pertinence of her comments to the discussion was appreciated by everyone in the meeting.

pertinency

IPA: /pərˈtɪnənsi/

KK: /pɜrˈtɪnənsi/

noun

Definition: The quality of being relevant or related to the topic being discussed.

Example: The pertinency of her comments made the discussion more meaningful.

pertinent

IPA: /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

KK: /ˈpɜrtɪnənt/

adjective

Definition: This word describes something that is directly related to the topic or issue being discussed.

Example: The lawyer presented pertinent evidence that helped the case.

pertinently

IPA: /pərˈtɪnəntli/

KK: /pɜrˈtɪnəntli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that is relevant or applicable to the matter at hand.

Example: She answered the question pertinently, addressing all the key points.

pertly

IPA: /ˈpɜːrtli/

KK: /pɜrtli/

adverb

Definition: In a lively or cheerful way, often showing confidence or boldness.

Example: She answered the question pertly, impressing everyone with her confidence.

pertness

IPA: /ˈpɜːrt.nəs/

KK: /ˈpɜrt.nəs/

noun

Definition: The quality of being lively, bold, and somewhat cheeky or impudent.

Example: Her pertness made her stand out in the crowd, as she confidently expressed her opinions.

perturbation

IPA: /pərˌtɜːrˈbeɪʃən/

KK: /pərˈtɜːrbəˌteɪʃən/

noun

Definition: A small change or disturbance in a system, often caused by external factors, that can affect its state or behavior.

Example: The scientist observed a perturbation in the satellite's orbit due to the gravitational pull of a nearby planet.

perturbed

IPA: /pərˈtɜːrbd/

KK: /pərˈtɜrbd/

adjective

Definition: Feeling anxious or upset due to something that has caused a disturbance or confusion.

Example: She was perturbed by the unexpected news about her job.

verb

Definition: To cause someone to feel anxious, worried, or disturbed.

Example: The unexpected news perturbed her greatly, making it hard for her to concentrate.

perturbing

IPA: /pərˈtɜːrbɪŋ/

KK: /pərˈtɜrbɪŋ/

adjective

Definition: Causing feelings of worry or unease; making someone feel disturbed or anxious.

Example: The news about the storm was quite perturbing for the residents.

verb

Definition: To disturb or unsettle someone or something, causing anxiety or worry.

Example: The news of the storm was perturbing to the residents of the coastal town.

pertussis

IPA: /pərˈtʌsɪs/

KK: /pərˈtəsɪs/

noun

Definition: A highly contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits, often referred to as whooping cough.

Example: The doctor diagnosed the child with pertussis after observing the characteristic cough.

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