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Exam: TOEFL

neuropathically

IPA: /ˌnjʊəroʊˈpæθɪkli/

KK: /nʊrəˈpæθɪkli/

adverb

Definition: In a manner related to nerve damage or dysfunction, often referring to pain or other sensations caused by nerve issues.

Example: The patient described her symptoms neuropathically, indicating that they were related to nerve damage.

neuropathologic

IPA: /ˌnjuːroʊpəˈθɒlədʒɪk/

KK: /nʊˌroʊpəˈθɑlədʒɪk/

adjective

Definition: Related to the study of diseases of the nervous system and their effects on the brain and spinal cord.

Example: The neuropathologic findings in the patient's brain were crucial for diagnosing the disease.

neuropathology

IPA: /ˌnjʊəroʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/

KK: /nʊˌroʊpəˈθɑlədʒi/

noun

Definition: The scientific study of diseases that affect the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Example: The research team focused on neuropathology to understand the effects of Alzheimer's disease.

neuropathy

IPA: /nʊəˈrɒpəθi/

KK: /nʊˈrɑːpəθi/

noun

Definition: A condition that affects the nerves, often causing pain, weakness, or numbness.

Example: Diabetes can lead to neuropathy, which may result in tingling sensations in the feet.

neuropeptide

IPA: /ˌnjʊərəʊˈpɛptaɪd/

KK: /ˈnʊrəˌpɛpˌtaɪd/

noun

Definition: A type of small protein found in the brain that helps control various functions in the body, such as mood and pain.

Example: Endorphins are a well-known example of a neuropeptide that can help reduce pain and improve mood.

neurophysiology

IPA: /ˌnjʊəroʊˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/

KK: /nʊr-oʊ-fɪziˈɑlədʒi/

noun

Definition: The area of science that studies how the nervous system works and its functions.

Example: Neurophysiology helps us understand how the brain and nerves communicate with each other.

neuroplasticity

IPA: /nʊəroʊˈplæstɪsɪti/

KK: /nʊrˈoʊplæs.tɪ.sɪ.ti/

noun

Definition: The ability of the brain to change and adapt as a result of experience, learning, or injury.

Example: Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

neuropsychiatry

IPA: /nʊəroʊˈsaɪkɪatri/

KK: /nʊr-oʊˈsaɪ.kə.tri/

noun

Definition: A field of medicine that focuses on the relationship between the brain and mental health, studying disorders that have both neurological and psychiatric aspects.

Example: She decided to specialize in neuropsychiatry to better understand the connection between brain function and mental illness.

neuropsychology

IPA: /ˌnʊəroʊˈsaɪkəˌlɒdʒi/

KK: /nʊr.oʊˌsaɪ.kɒl.ə.dʒi/

noun

Definition: A field of study that explores how the brain and nervous system affect thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Example: She decided to study neuropsychology to understand how brain injuries impact behavior.

neuroradiology

IPA: //ˌnjʊəroʊreɪdiˈɒlədʒi//

KK: /nʊrˌoʊreɪdiˈɑlədʒi/

noun

Definition: This is a field of medicine that focuses on using imaging techniques to study and treat conditions related to the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Example: She decided to specialize in neuroradiology to help diagnose brain disorders using advanced imaging techniques.

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