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Exam: IELTS

punitive

IPA: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪv/

KK: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪv/

adjective

Definition: Relating to punishment or intended to punish someone for their actions.

Example: The judge imposed a punitive fine on the company for violating environmental laws.

punitively

IPA: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪvli/

KK: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪvli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that involves punishment or penalties for wrongdoing.

Example: The company acted punitively against employees who violated the rules.

punitiveness

IPA: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪvnəs/

KK: /ˈpjuːnɪtɪvnəs/

noun

Definition: The quality or state of being harsh or severe in punishing someone.

Example: The punitiveness of the new laws has raised concerns among civil rights advocates.

punitory

IPA: /ˈpjuːnɪtəri/

KK: /ˈpjuːnɪtəri/

adjective

Definition: Relating to or intended for punishment.

Example: The judge imposed a punitory measure to deter future offenses.

punning

IPA: /ˈpʌnɪŋ/

KK: /ˈpʌnɪŋ/

adjective

Definition: Relating to or characterized by the use of a play on words, often for humorous effect.

Example: The comedian's punning style kept the audience laughing throughout the show.

noun

Definition: The act of making a joke by using a word that has two meanings or sounds like another word.

Example: His punning during the conversation made everyone laugh.

verb

Definition: To make a joke that plays on the different meanings of a word or similar-sounding words.

Example: She enjoys punning during conversations to make everyone laugh.

punt

IPA: /pʌnt/

KK: /pʌnt/

intransitive verb

Definition: To gamble or place a bet, especially in a game of chance.

Example: They decided to punt on the next round of betting at the casino.

noun

Definition: A type of kick where a ball is dropped from the hands and kicked before it hits the ground, or a flat-bottomed boat used in shallow waters, often pushed with a pole.

Example: The team decided to punt the ball on fourth down to give the other team a longer field to cover.

transitive verb

Definition: To push or kick a ball away with the foot, usually in a game or sport.

Example: He decided to punt the ball down the field during the game.

punter

IPA: /ˈpʌntər/

KK: /ˈpʌntər/

noun

Definition: A person who places bets, often in gambling or sports, or a customer at a pub or similar establishment.

Example: The punter placed a bet on the horse race, hoping for a big win.

pupil

IPA: /ˈpjuːpəl/

KK: /ˈpjuːpəl/

noun

Definition: A person who is learning in a school or under a teacher's guidance.

Example: The teacher praised her pupil for his hard work and dedication.

pupillage

IPA: /ˈpjuːpɪlɪdʒ/

KK: /ˈpjuːpɪlɪdʒ/

noun

Definition: A type of training or apprenticeship for people who want to become barristers, where they learn practical skills and gain experience in the legal field.

Example: After completing law school, she began her pupillage at a prestigious law firm.

pupillary

IPA: /ˈpjuːpɪˌlɛri/

KK: /ˈpjuːpɪˌlɛri/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the pupil of the eye or to a student.

Example: The doctor examined the pupillary response to light.

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