Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A theoretical particle in physics that is made up of a very short, one-dimensional string, which exists in ten dimensions. Its vibrations are thought to represent different particles in the universe.

Example: In string theory, a superstring is considered the fundamental building block of all matter and forces.

Definition: A structure that is built on top of a foundation, or a concept that is developed from a basic idea.

Example: The superstructure of the building was designed to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

Definition: Related to a theoretical concept in physics that suggests a relationship between two basic classes of particles: bosons and fermions.

Example: The theory of supersymmetric particles offers new insights into the fundamental forces of nature.

Definition: A higher rate of tax that is added on top of an existing tax, or an extra tax on something that has already been taxed.

Example: The government introduced a supertax to increase revenue from wealthy individuals.

Definition: To happen or occur as an addition or consequence, often following something else.

Example: The new regulations will supervene the existing laws, bringing about significant changes.

Definition: Describing something that is done with guidance or oversight from someone in charge.

Example: The students worked on their projects in a supervised environment to ensure they stayed on track.

Definition: To oversee or direct a task or activity, ensuring that it is done correctly and efficiently.

Example: The teacher supervised the students during the exam to prevent cheating.

Definition: The act of overseeing or managing someone or something to ensure that tasks are done correctly and safely.

Example: The teacher's supervision helped the students stay focused during the project.

Definition: To take the place of someone or something, often by force or trickery.

Example: The new technology may supplant older methods of communication.

Definition: The act of replacing or taking the place of something or someone.

Example: The supplantation of traditional methods by modern technology has changed many industries.

Definition: A person or thing that takes the place of another, often by force or scheming.

Example: The new manager was seen as a supplanter of the previous leadership.