without
Elementary (A2)
IPA: /wɪðˈaʊt/
KK: /wɪðˈaʊt/
adverb
Definition
In a manner that indicates the absence of something; not having or including something.
Example
She completed the project without any help from her teammates.
Conversation
Can you believe I went to the party without my phone?
That's crazy! How did you manage?
It was tough, especially without any music.
I guess sometimes it's nice to unplug and enjoy the moment.
Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms
lacking
absent
devoid
Antonyms
with
including
accompanied
noun
Definition
A position or area that is outside of something, often referring to external factors or influences.
Example
The noise from without made it hard to concentrate inside the house.
Conversation
Have you ever thought about what life would be like from without technology?
Yeah, it’s a bit scary to imagine, honestly.
I wonder if we would be more connected to nature from without all these gadgets.
preposition
Definition
In the absence of something; not having or accompanied by something.
Example
She completed the project without any help from her teammates.
Conversation
I can't believe you went to the party without me!
I know, I'm sorry! It was kind of last minute.
I just feel like I miss out on everything without you there.
Root Explanation
Without → It originates from Old English 'wiðutan', where 'wið' (meaning against) and 'utan' (meaning outside) combine to convey the idea of being outside of or lacking something. The word 'without' means to be in a state of lacking or not having something.
Memory Tip
Think of being 'outside' ('utan') of something, which helps you remember that 'without' means lacking or not having it.
Visually Confused Words
watchout
pitchout