rotten
Elementary (A2)
IPA: /ˈrɒtən/
KK: /ˈrɑtən/
adjective
Definition
In a state of decay or decomposition, often producing a bad smell; something that is spoiled or no longer good to use.
Example
The fruit was left out too long and became rotten.
Conversation
I can't believe how rotten that fruit smells now.
Yeah, I noticed it too; we should throw it out.
Do you think it got that way because we left it out too long?
Definitely! It's better to check for rotten items more often.
Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms
decayed
putrid
decomposed
Antonyms
fresh
sound
wholesome
adverb
Definition
In a manner that is extremely bad or spoiled.
Example
The child is spoiled rotten by his grandparents.
Conversation
Did you hear about the kid who got a puppy for his birthday?
Yeah, I heard he spoiled it rotten right away!
Exactly! I can't believe how much attention he gives that dog.
Root Explanation
Rotten → It originates from Old English 'rotian' (meaning to rot or decay), which is related to the Proto-Germanic '*rōtōną' (meaning to rot). The word describes something that has decayed or decomposed, typically due to the action of bacteria or fungi.
Memory Tip
Think of something that has 'decayed' ('rotian') — that's why 'rotten' means something that is spoiled or decomposed.
Visually Confused Words
unrotten
rotate
ratten
gotten
rote
forgotten