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phrenology

Upper-Intermediate (B2)

IPA: /frəˈnɒlədʒi/

KK: /frəˈnɒlədʒi/

noun
Definition

The study of the shape of the skull, which was once believed to show a person's character and mental abilities.


Example

Phrenology was popular in the 19th century, but it is now considered a pseudoscience.


Conversation
Sloth A
Have you ever heard of phrenology?
Sloth B
Yeah, I think it’s that old theory about reading personality from skull shapes.
Sloth A
Exactly! It's fascinating how people once believed it revealed so much about us.
Sloth B
I know, right? It's interesting but also kind of funny how it's been discredited.

Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms
craniology
skullology
cephalometry
Antonyms
ignorance
neuroscience
unawareness
Root Explanation

Phrenology is formed from "phren" (from Greek "phrēn", meaning mind or diaphragm) and "-ology" (from Greek "logia", meaning study of). The word refers to the study of the mind and its functions, particularly through the shape of the skull.

Memory Tip

Think of 'phren' as relating to the 'mind' and '-ology' as the 'study of'. This helps you remember that phrenology is the study of the mind.

Visually Confused Words
phenology
phaenology
penology
phraseology
phorology
phonology
pharology
crenology
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