IPA: /ɪnˈstɔːlmənt/
KK: /ɪnˈstɔlmənt/
A part of a payment that is made regularly over a period of time, rather than paying the full amount at once.
I decided to pay for the new car in monthly instalments.
Instalment is formed from "install" (from Old French *instaler*, meaning to place or set up) and the suffix "-ment" (meaning the action or result of). The word refers to the action or result of placing or setting up something in parts or stages, typically in a financial context.
Think of 'placing' or 'setting up' something in parts — that's what an instalment means, as it refers to paying in parts.