including
Elementary (A2)
IPA: /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
KK: /ɪnˈkludɪŋ/
preposition
Definition
Being part of the group or topic just mentioned.
Example
The package includes several items, including a book and a pen.
Conversation
I heard there will be a lot of activities at the fair this weekend, including live music.
That sounds fun! I love live performances.
Yeah, they mentioned food trucks too, including some local favorites.
Perfect! I can't wait to try them all.
Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms
comprising
containing
encompassing
Antonyms
excluding
omitting
leaving
verb
Definition
To contain or have as part of a whole.
Example
The package includes a user manual and a warranty card.
Tense Forms
Past: included
Past Participle: included
Conversation
Are you going to the picnic on Saturday?
Yeah, I heard it will be fun, including games and food.
That sounds great! I can't wait to see everyone.
Root Explanation
Including → It is formed from "in-" (meaning in or into) and "cludere" (meaning to close). The word "including" means to close something in or to make something part of a whole.
Memory Tip
Think of 'closing in' ('cludere') something 'into' ('in-') a group — that's why including means making something part of a whole.
Visually Confused Words
inconcluding
concluding
clouding
unexcluding