IPA: /ˈhɑːrʃnəs/
KK: /hɑrʃnəs/
The quality of being very severe, unpleasant, or cruel.
The harshness of the winter made it difficult for people to travel.
Harshness is formed from "harsh" (from Old English *earsce*, meaning rough or severe) and "-ness" (meaning the state or quality of). The word "harshness" refers to the quality of being rough or severe.
Think of the word 'harsh' which means rough or severe, and remember that 'harshness' describes the state of being rough or severe.